Antiviral drug, any agent used in the treatment of an infectious disease caused by a virus. Chapter 43 antifungal and antiviral agents chapter 43 antifungal and antiviral agents department of pharmacology liu xiaokang. Overview viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. When human embryonic fibroblast hef cells were treated with gl after inoculation of virus posttreatment, the average 50%inhibitory dose id50 for five vzv strains was 0.
Clinical presentation of acute viral infections may be at peak of viral. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Assistant professor, department of clinical pharmacology. The medicinal chemistry of antiviral drugs that are involved in viral synthesis will now be discussed. Antivirals and mechanism of action antiviral drug virus. Their antiviral properties, mechanism of action, clinical use, pharmacokinetic properties and sideeffects are discussed. Most antiviral agents are only effective while the virus is replicating. Concerns about directacting antiviral agents for hepatitis c.
Set 1 powerpoint links collected from the website of. Compared with the number of drugs available to treat bacterial infections, the number of antiviral drugs is very small. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Apr 05, 2018 receptor pharmacology part 01 agonist, inverse agonist, antagonist and partial agonist. All of the following antiviral drugs are the analogs of nucleosides, except. Table 352 describes the mode of action of antiviral drugs that block early events in viral replication, and table 353 describes the mode of action of antiviral drugs that block viral nucleic acid synthesis. Infectious disease action plan for the global accelerator. Tibial hemimelia and tetralogy of fallot associated with first trimester exposure to amantadine. Until december 1995, the antiretroviral drugs available and approved for clinical use in the united states consisted of only 5 individual drugs belonging to a single class of antiretroviral agents, nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors. View pharmacology ppts online, safely and virusfree. Three classes of antiviral drugs are available for the prevention andor treatment of influenza. They must be phosphorylated by viral or cellular enzymes in order to become active.
Inhibits the viral neuraminidase enzyme required for cleavage of neuraminic acid and release of virus. However, some enzymes are only present in viruses and these are potential targets for antiviral drugs. Ppt antifungal drugs powerpoint presentation free to. Mechanism of action of antiviral drugs team blue viruses are completely unaffected by antibiotics because they lack a cell wall, ribosomes and other structures some viruses encode their own polymerases which can be potential targets for antiviral drugs many researchers are trying. A wellfunctioning immune system will eliminate or effectively destroy viral replication this is why immunocompromised. Despite the difficulty, several virusspecific replication steps have been. Description viruses represent a large group of infective agents that are composed of a core of nucleic acids, either rna or dna, surrounded by a layer of protein. Receptor pharmacology part 01 agonist, inverse agonist, antagonist and partial agonist. Progress in antiviral chemotherapy began in the early 1950s, when the search for anticancer drugs generated several new compounds capable of inhibiting viral dna synthesis. The major reason for this difference is the difficulty in obtaining selective toxicity against viruses. Antiviral drugs pdf aspects of clinical use and recent advances antiviral drugs pdf free download, antiviral drugs pdf, antiviral drugs ebook content the articles that appear in antiviral drugs aspects of clinical use and recent advances cover several topics that reflect the varied mechanisms of viral disease pathogenesis and treatment. Figure 351 shows the replication of a model virus and the site of action of drugs used to treat various viral infections. Antiviral drugs 1 antiviral drugs 2 general characteristics of viruses.
Viruses are composed of a single dna or rna inside a protein coat. Choose from 500 different sets of chapter 40 pharmacology antiviral drugs flashcards on quizlet. A wellfunctioning immune system will eliminate or effectively. Acyclovir is a synthetic purine analogue acyclic nucleoside analogue. Here is a table of commonly encountered antivirals, their generic names, and brand names. Viral processes involving nucleic acids are commonly targeted in antiviral therapy. Mechanism of action of antiviral drugs by rachel curiel on. Antiviral drugs can exert their actions at several stages of viral replication including viral entry, nucleic acid synthesis and integration, late protein synthesis, and processing, as well as in the final stages of viral packaging and virion release figure 491. There are a number of virusspecific processes within the virus replicative cycle or virusinfected cell that have proven to be attractive targets for chemotherapeutic intervention, i. Practice mode questions and choices are randomly arranged, the answer is revealed instantly after each question, and there is no time limit for the exam.
Antiviral drugs are used for the treatment of viral infections, such as hiv, herpes, hepatitis b and c, shingles, influenza a and b, and ebola. Therefore, to be effective, antiviral agents must either block viral entry into or exit. Antidepressants, nootropic drugs and cns stimulants. Learn chapter 40 pharmacology antiviral drugs with free interactive flashcards.
Thus, optimal activity of some drugs depends on an adequate host immune response. It must attach to and enter a host cell it then uses the host cells energy to synthesize protein, dna, and rna o viruses are difficult to kill because they live inside the cells any drug that kills a virus may also kill cells. Antiviral drugs definition antiviral drugs act against diseases caused by viruses. Most antiviral drugs interfere with viral nucleic acid synthesis or regulation. It is difficult to find medicines that are selective for the virus as viruses share most of the metabolic processes of the host cell. Exam mode questions and choices are randomly arranged, time limit of 1min per question, answers and grade will be revealed after finishing the exam. Dawn merton boothe, dvm, phd, department of anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology, college of veterinary medicine, auburn university. Alright, now in this part of the article, you will be able to access the free pdf download of basic concepts in pharmacology 4th edition pdf using our direct links mentioned at the end of this article. The neuraminidase inhibitors, zanamivir, oseltamivir, and peramivir, which are active against both influenza a and influenza b. Examples of antiviral drugs include agents to combat herpes viruses, influenza viruses, and hiv. All drugs are phosphorylated by a viral thymidinekinase, then metabolized by host cell kinases. Principles and practice of infectious diseases, 6th ed, mandell gl, bennett je, dolin r eds, elsevier, philadelphia 2005. Papich dvm, ms, dacvcp, in saunders handbook of veterinary drugs fourth edition, 2016. Fundamentals of pharmacology 7th edition pdf free download.
Learn antiviral pharmacology with free interactive flashcards. Lecture 1 lecture 2 lecture 3 lecture 4 lecture 5 lecture 6 lecture 7 lecture 8 lecture 9 lecture 10 lecture 11. The articles that appear in antiviral drugs aspects. Antiviral drugs can exert their actions at several stages of viral replication including viral entry, nucleic acid synthesis, late protein synthesis and processing, and in the final stages of viral packaging and virion release figure 491. Ppt antiviral drugs powerpoint presentation free to. Dosages of antiviral drugs lists the dosage rates for some commonly used antiviral drugs. Antiviral drugs introduction and mechanism pharmacology by dr rajesh gubba duration. Some antiviral drugs may enhance the immune system of the host. Most of the drugs active against herpes viruses hsv. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Pharmacology mcq for neet pg gpat pharmacist nursing. They lack both a cell wall and a cell membrane, and they do not carry out metabolic processes. Pharmacology mcq for anti cancer chemotherapy drugs. Antiviral drugs pharmacology of acyclovir and congeners acyclovir, valacyclovir, ganciclovir, famciclovir, penciclovir all are guanine nucleoside analogs.
Antiviral drugs many antiviral drugs are purine or pyrimidine analogs. Antiviral agents are most active,when viruses are replicating. Directacting antiviral drugs have relatively few contraindications, but they do have known risks, including reactivation of hepatitis b virus and several critical drugdrug interactions. Antiviral agents must either block viral entry into or exit from the cell or be active inside the host cell. Viruses use much of the hosts metabolic machinery, and few drugs are selective enough to prevent viral replication without injury to the infected host cells. Aciclovir acyclovir is an analogue of the guanosine nucleotide. Zanamivir is supplied as a topical formulation for inhalation. Apr 24, 2020 antiviral drugs and infections trivia quiz. Viruses contain a single type of nucleic acid dna or rna and a protein coat, sometimes.
Alright, now in this part of the article, you will be able to access the free pdf download of fundamentals of pharmacology 7th edition pdf using our direct links mentioned at the end of this article. Rao md 17 antiviral drugs mechanism of action of acyclovir and congeners. Antiviral drugs general principles of virology o viral replication a virus cannot replicate on its own. Antihepatitis virus nonselective antiviral drugs a. The first antiretroviral drug to be licensed, zidovudine, became available in 1987. As obligate intracellular parasites, the replication of viruses depends on synthetic processes of the host cell.
Viruses must enter a cell in order for them to carry on with their metabolic processes. Bhanu prakash usmle, fmge and neet pg 24,726 views. Chapter 40 antiviral drugs typed out pharmacology ch. Challenges to the development of effective antiviral agents myriad number of agents need knowledge of replication at molecular level to define targets viruses as intracellular parasites make targeting more difficult to avoid host toxicity lack of culture systems for some agents hinders. Such drugs generally are nucleic acid analogues that interfere with rna and dna production. Basic concepts in pharmacology 4th edition pdf free download. Antiviral agents inhibits active replication so the viral growth resumes after drug removal. Choose from 500 different sets of antiviral pharmacology flashcards on quizlet.
Study 40 quiz 3 antiviral drugs flashcards on studyblue. Designing antiviral drugs is challenging because the viruses use synthetic process of the hosts cells to replicate internet. Depending on ones viewpoint, viruses may be regarded as exceptionally complex aggregations of nonliving chemicals or as exceptionally simple living microbes. Medicinal chemistry of antiviral drugs the essential guide. The earlier that treatment is given, better the result. Compounds interfering with virus growth can adversely affect the host cell.
Pharmacology 120 julie cordts instructor pharmacology powerpoint lectures all lessons will open in a new browser window allowing easy access to this menu. The two firstgeneration antiviral agents, 5iododeoxyuridine and trifluorothymidine, had poor specificity ie, they inhibited host cell dna as well as viral dna that. D antiviral drugs importance of antiviral drugs vaccines are not readily available multiplicity of serotypes constantly changing virus reduce morbidity and mortality reduce economic loss treat increasing numbers of immunosuppressed patients who are at increased risk of disease difficulty on designing antivirals. Antivirals are agents used to treat the diseases caused by viruses such as warts and common colds. The replication of viruses depends on synthetic processes of the host cell. Antiviral agents generally are designed to block viral replication or disable viral proteins. The selective inhibitor of influenza capdependent endonuclease, baloxavir, which is active against influenza a and b. Nov 18, 2012 antiviral drugs many antiviral drugs are purine or pyrimidine analogs. To download files right click on the link and select save target as or save link as.
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